Palm's Ancient Genetic Split Reveals Two Paths of Domestication

The Neotropical palm genus Acrocomia is gaining attention as a multipurpose crop with huge potential for sustainable biofuel and ecosystem restoration. To unlock its future, scientists first had to look into its past, characterising the genetic makeup of two key species, A. aculeata and A. totai.

A new genomic study has uncovered a fascinating split. The palms are divided into two major gene pools—one in Central America and one in South America—shaped by ancient geographical dynamics and with very little genetic mixing between them.

Remarkably, the study reveals that humans domesticated the A. aculeata palm along two separate evolutionary tracks. In Central America, selection favoured genes linked to disease resistance, dwarfism, and fruit development. Meanwhile, in South America, different genes were targeted, including those involved in lipid metabolism. This dual history of domestication highlights the palm's biocultural importance and informs modern strategies for sustainable development that should include the knowledge of traditional communities.