New Bacterial Species Discovered in Human Saliva

Scientists have identified a previously unknown bacterium living in the human mouth, naming the novel species Paenibacillus salivarius. The microbe was isolated from the saliva of a patient with chronic periodontitis, adding a new member to the diverse Paenibacillus genus—a group known for its ecological versatility.

Initial genetic analysis suggested the bacterium was related to known species, but a deeper investigation was needed. By sequencing its entire genetic blueprint, or genome, researchers compared it to its closest relatives. This detailed genomic characterisation revealed significant differences, confirming it was a distinct species.

The bacterium’s genome also contains unique features, such as defence systems that likely help it survive and maintain stability in the competitive environment of the mouth. This discovery not only expands the catalogue of microbes living within us but also provides new insights into the organisation and adaptation of bacteria in host-associated ecosystems.