Molecular Shield Boosts Solar Power and Locks Away Lead

Perovskite solar cells are poised to revolutionise renewable energy, yet they often struggle with stability and the risk of leaking toxic lead. To solve this, scientists have engineered a new internal encapsulation layer (IEL) that is synthesised directly on the perovskite surface. This protective coating is formed through a process called self-cross-linking polymerisation, creating a tight network of siloxane and ethylene oxide groups.

The resulting material, known as GPTFP, acts as a multi-functional guardian. It employs carbon-fluorine bonds and other chemical interactions to stabilise the crystal grain boundaries and 'passivate'—or heal—surface defects. Crucially, this layer effectively blocks moisture and traps lead ions (Pb²⁺), resulting in undetectable leakage even under simulated harsh conditions.

The performance metrics are impressive. The inverted device achieved a remarkable efficiency of 26.83% and maintained its air-stable black phase for over 200 days. Furthermore, the cells proved exceptionally durable, retaining more than 93% of their initial efficiency after 2,000 hours of continuous illumination, marking a significant step forward for safe and efficient solar technology.